source: https://developer.okta.com/blog/2021/07/14/socket-io-react-tutorial
The HTTP protocol powers the web. Traditionally, HTTP is a request-response protocol. This means that a client requests data from a server, and the server responds to that request. In this model, a server will never send data to a client without having been queried first.
This approach is suitable for many use cases that the web is used for. It allows loose coupling between clients and servers without the need to keep a persistent connection. But for real-time applications, the request-response model has its drawbacks. When some state on the server changes, the client isn't informed immediately. Within the HTTP protocol, the client needs to use regular polling to request data from the server. This is not ideal because the data will not arrive at the server in real-time, and shorter polling intervals will increase network traffic.
Most modern browsers nowadays support WebSockets. The WebSocket protocol builds on top of the HTTP protocol to provide a persistent bi-directional connection between the client and the server. Websockets can be used directly using JavaScript in the browser, but the API is low-level, making it complicated to create even a simple application.
Socket.IO is a JavaScript library that provides a high-level API around WebSockets. This makes it easy to create real-time web applications with only a few lines of code. As an additional extra, Socket.IO falls back to a technique called long-polling in case a WebSocket connection can't be established between the client and the server.
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