import numpy as np  a = np.random.rand(3,2)  # Normalised [0,1] b = (a - np.min(a))/np.ptp(a)  # Normalised [0,255] as integer: don't forget the parenthesis before astype(int) c = (255*(a - np.min(a))/np.ptp(a)).astype(int)          # Normalised [-1,1] d = 2.*(a - np.min(a))/np.ptp(a)-1

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